Telephone-transmitter



7 Sheets-Sheet 1.l

(No Model.)

lJ. G. H. sTUT; TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER.

No. 355i952.

Patented Ja1`1. 11, 1887.,

(N0 Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. C. H. STUT.

TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER. No. 355,952. Patented Jan. 1l, 1887.

I X 5 s %/.g%%%

V/M/wow- 7 Sheets-Sheet 3..

(No Model.)

J. C. H. STUT.

TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER.

Patented Jan. 11188'7.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 4.l

J. C. H. STUT.

TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER.

N0. 355,952. Patented Jan. l1, 1887.

7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

J. C. H, STUT.

TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER.

Patented Jan. 11, 1887.

7 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(No Model.)

J. C. H. STUT.

TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER.

Patented Jan. 11, 1887.

gr/me 0 7 Sheets-Sheet 7.l

(No Model.)

J. C. H. STUT.

TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER.

j Patented Jan. ll, 1887.

xm.. SHN

IiUiiriaD STATES PATENT JOHN OHPUIS'LIAX HENRY STU'F, OF SN FRNGlSCO,UALHORQIA.;

SPECIFICATION iormng part of Letters Patent No. 355,952, dated. January11. y18557. I Application tiled February 17, 19H6. Serial No. 192,936.l(No molcl.) I i y i* fo @ZZ whom' z' may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOHN CHRISTIAN H ENRY STUT, ofthe city and countyofSan Francisco, State of California, haveinvented an improvement inTelephones; and I hereby declare the` following to lie a full, clear,and exact descrip.- tion ot' the same.

My invention relates to certain improve. ments in telephones; and itsobject is to` construct a transmittingtelephone which will produce alarger voliinn.: o'i sound, heretofore available by giving a largervariation to the intensity ot' the current in both the primary andsecondary circuits, so that conversation may he carried on over agreater distance of ine-wire and better overcoming the extraneousindnctions. leaks, and rcsistanecs. f

it consists oi' a diaphragm oflarge diameter,

v with means for regulating the radial tension and making a sot'tcr andmore nielodions tone, unstable contactpoints, and a multiplevariablelresisiance com ac't, adjustable poles in connection with theinductioncoils, anda means for adjusting the contacts for diii'erentdislances over which eon'nnnnication may take place, and means forproviding a damper i`or the diaphragm by tlieaid of the magneticcurrent, to increase and decrease the vibrations oi' the diaphragm,together with certain detaiis of construction, all of which will be morefully explained 'by reference 'to the accompanying drawings, iu which-Figui@ l is aver-tical Section taken through C X. oi' Fig. Fig. 2 is arear view showing the induction.-coils,comieetiiig-wi rcs,swit'chcs, andvariable pointer or indexhand. Fig. 3 is a horixontal section takenthrough Y Y of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a vertical section oi' thc diaphraginwith its adjnstinentis. Figs. 5 to 22,- inelusive, are enlarged detailviews ol'diil'crent port ions ot' the apparatus.

A is the diaphragm, which is niadeot'steel, and of' mui-li largerrliainetci than the tra-ns` milliers. hitherto made. sirasio incr" iscthe ainplitudi-.ot'A ilnfations when L-is artt-,il upon by thesnundlnarts, and-.1V Vtflni'elrv a larger variation oi' intensityn.iinrrent. This' diaphragm. beine; made ol iemiwredbr hard cned sti-el.isipiirlwr in its in'ox'cniciits vthan iron or any other kunwii nn-talpi'siilistzsiice, and i ilu-rotore pret'er it, all houghiliapliraglns ci olla-r material might lie used. The poriphery of thisdiaphragm is secured in a circular ring or disk, B, hy screws O passingthrough its edge at suitable intervals. The 5 inside of this ring ordisk is screw-threaded, and has fitted toit a disk, D, with screwthreadsupon itsperiphery, so that it can he screwed in or out in 'the outerring. Around the inner circnmfcrence'of this ring B is an 60 elasticrubber ring, E, which rests against the diaphragm. v

\Vhen the screw-disk Dis screwed intothc ring B, it presses againstvthis rubber ring, forcing it against the diaphragm, thus giving 65 thediaphragm aun-iform radial or outward tension all around itscircumference. Thisl varies the timbre of the sound produced in thereceiving-telephone, `and it also enables me to prevent.unnecessaryvibrations; of Athe 7C diaphragm. Asoft-,rubber' ring prevents themetallic ringing sound vwhich might otherwise take place. insonne casesaila't rubberdisk,

F, might he used, as showntin Fig. 4, this disk covering the wholev oflone side of the dia- 75 phragm, except a small hole in the middle,through which the pin o passes, this pin being Secured to the center ofthe diaphragm, as shown, hy nuts upon opposite sides, or other suitablemeans, and servingjto intake theeon- 8o tacts, as will be hereinafterdescribed, The disk D will also have a hole through it'i'ortthe samepurpose. 2- f i .T

Between the rubber-.disk:Emilien u sedand the screw-disk il), ,1 titalpa'per disk, AGr, so as v 85 to lic between t'li grabber andtlie-nietal. sur faces oi'l) andF.- Fig-4.)y- This allows the screw-diskto betnrned around without wrinklingior disturbing therubber, as thefriction between the paper and the brass 9o less than between therubber-.and the brass.

ll is a cup unido, of v non-iiiag-netic material, havingiu its in 'er''in insnlatingflining,I, and within this dividedor graiinla insulatedl'roin the cup may be mailen! size, and is suploi t bym u ulg cadjustable arm, I ,in shiiwnlin-,Figso 6 Aand 7. "'itiefnpposite endoltliissprin g-arnipasscs :ou between' iuulatoi's between plates (1,beingY vlam pedvfiznily by the. screws which hold these platestogetln-ir.y The clamp thus described has a in k assino throuifliittrausversei l. z i P a o tothe line of the spring-arm, this pin being`io'urnaled or held in standards from a plate, Z, so,that the clamp,spring, and cup may be ino-ved about the pin as a i'ulcrum.

Beneath the rear end of the clamp is an elastic -rubber tube or block,m, and a thumbscrew', n, passes through a nut or plate fixed i to thestandard above, so that by-turning it the clamp is rocked about itsfulcrurn-pin,and the spring-arm J, withits supported carboncontainingcup` H and contacts, is brought against the pin o of the diaphragm withmore or less pressure, as desired. The base-platel is slotted,anditsholding-screwsP pass throughthe slots into screw-disk D, so that byloosening them the plate, and with it the fuit-rumstandards and clamp,may be shifted, so as to increase or decrease the stiffness oi' thespringarm J byzshortening or lengthening it. f

An insulated screw, K, extends outward from the side of the cup H towardthe pin o, its inner end entering a socket which extendsout through theinsulated bottom of cup H,

and has'apl'atinum plate within the cup upon which the carbon rests.'This screw) passes ont'throu-gh aunt, L, and has upon its outer end ahead, M, the outerside of which is made concave or dat, so as to receivethe convex or' iiat endof the carbon piece N. The outer endV of thiscarbon Icontact-piece may be dat or of other shape,but is preferablyconcave, so that the rounded platinum-tipped end of the pin o mayenter'this carbofrcup. By means of the nut :L turning on screwK theresistance of the unstable contact between the head of the screw andthepiece N may be varied as desired.

The nut L Vis connected with the carbon pieceN by means of a soft-rubbertube, Q,

which passes over thenut and is fastened to it, and' from it to thecarbon piece N,'as shown.

-Byf'rnens of this the stability of the contactv between the-hollowserew-head M and the car` bon piece: N maybe varied. The contact beitween the hollowend ofthe carbon piece N and the platinunipointed pin oofthe diaphragn1' is regulated by a thumb screw.v

, Throughv a cross-bar on the rear of the .carboncupH a screw, S,passes,;pressing against the back ofthe iron platinumpIatedpIateT,(shown in detail in Figs. 5, 6, and 7,) so that it may be made tocompress 4 the :finely-divided carbon within the cup to a greater orless degree, andw by thus altering its. compression the resistance ofthe primaryv circuit caused by this divided ca rbon will be vvaried'asdesired.L By means` of` these varying resistances of the multiple Acontact in' the carbon-cup and the two unsta ble contacts between thepoint of pin o and the cup a very great sensitiveness Jand volume andintensity of sound are produced inthe receiving-telephone.

` U U are the coils of a double iuductorium, having the cores V,provided. with pole-pieces XV, (shown in detail in Fig. 9, which isaside view,) which extend 4to a considerable disf tance to one side, asshown in Fig. 2. These pieces have tted in their ends screw-threaded Ataining the divided carbon, being "not beacted upon so readily o r soquickly bctubes X, which are' held in any desired position by smallbinding-screws Y, as shown in- Fig. 3, so that they may be heldat pointsmore or less remote from the surfaces of the diapragmv `Extendingoutward from these tubes The operation of the apparatuswill thenfbeA asfollows: It' asound-wave strikes the dia.- pbragm, causing the pin o tobe pressed more intimately against the carbon contact-piece N,'.

the screw-headM, and the .divided orA granulatedcarbon in the cup H, itreduces thereby the resistance in the primary circuit, which increasesin turn the magnetism of the `cores V. Thisy is effected as follows:When a soundwave strikes the diaphragm, it attains la certain momentum,and acts through the pin o upon the carbon piece N, which, being light,

will-be similarly'atfected. rPhe cup H, con= heavier, will cau'se ofits.inertia, besides beingy acted upon by the spring J, which presses ittoward the pin o; The-first impulse will therefore produce a veryintimate contact between the unstable and the multiple vcontact-points,followed byan opposite movement or vibration, which lessens orreduceslitin a corresponding degree.

The cores V have extending pole-pieces W, whichI are hollow, as shown inFig. 9, and

through which tubes X pass, which act on the.

diaphragm and the ,soft-iron plate or piecell, (see Fig. 22,) whichpresses on the carbon in the cup H, .-and-has-its ends extended beyondthe sidesof the'eup, as shown, so that the increased rmagnetism .helpsto reduce the resistance in "the primary circuit by drawing thediaphragm .and the cover or plate T of the cup more closely together, orby opposite action, causing a greater variation of the cui 'rentthanca'nbe produced in any other manner. In illustration, it might bestated that rays pass from one end of the positive pole .through theplate 'or piece T,

thence through. the negative pole to therdia back again. tothe otherend.of the positive pole, or the point of starting..

ph ragni, thence By variation of the magnetism in the' cores andthepole-pieces the induced magnetism of 'the diaphragm and the magneticplate or piece T is also varied, and this variation ofinduced magnetismin the diaphragm, po1e-pieces, and the plate helps to strengthen orweaken the induced current in the secondary coils. It also helps to makemicrophonie contact more or less intimate, as required. By extending thetubes X through the'pole-picces of the induction-coils close tothediaphragm a damper pressure maybe brought upon the loose ca bon in thevcup li, or'the pressure maybe educed by turning in 'the oppositedirection, thus dccrciisingor increasing vthe reSSiaiCin the same.lior'instrm'c'e, it' a communication is to taltc place overa distance offifty miles",`A ythe pointer muy be turned to a pointon the is formed,which prevents undueI vibration of the saine, this being effected by themagnetism of the pole-pieces and the greater or 'lesscompression of therubber pieces.

being regulated bythe screws, as before dc-t scribed. These elasticpieces also act to take away or reduce the metallic ring' of the di.-aphragni. Two or mort` induction-coils may be used, connected parallel,or for quantity, thus giving much less resistance to the primary circuitthan it' connected for intensity; or four induction-coils may beemployed, all connected for quantity, or two may be enrployed connectedi`orqua11tity,'and two forintensity.

In connection with the primary inductioncoils connected as abovedescribed, I have the secondary coils connected iuthesame manner, eitherfor intensity or quantity,0r one pair for intensity and one forquantity. A switch is so arranged that one, two, or more sets 0fbatteries may be connected in the pril-nary eircuit, so that when speechor music is transmitted over a short line or through small resistanceone set of batteries only may be used,

and when used for long lines or greater resist# ance. Inorebatteries maybe connected. The construction and arrangement of this switch is plainlyshown in Figs. 2, 15, 16, 17, and 18, where r is the switchflever,having its y:tulcrum or pivot pin at the pbint z, whichialso connectswith the zine or positivefofonefbattery, the negative or carbon of whichis shown z ist-he positive, and c'the negative, Vof

at c. agsecondbattery.` The bar i' has a metallic plate, s, beneath it,as shown, and insulated from the bar itself. The-captions c c beingunited, as shown, When'the switch-bar 1' is turned about its pivot untilits outer end rests upon a, the bar will unite the zinc or positivepoles, and the plate swill unite the carbon or negative poles c c2. Theswitch may also be si xnilarly arranged to unite the pairs for inten,-sit-y. ltwill be manifest that by a similararrangement other pairs mightbe combined to still l'nrther increase the desired eiect'.l d isl apointer or index-hand xed upon the end of the shaft c, so that theformer may be turned by turningthelatter. This shaft is surrounded by aspiral spring, y', to keep it in position, and its lower end has asocket formed vto t shaft c down: 1rd unt-il the soeket'in its inner undiits ovcr' 'i. he head of the screw, 'and.the n,

dial h indicating t at distance, thev shaft e having been pressed in, sothat the screw'S would be turned simultaneously with. the;v pointer. Now, if a communicationisretluiredgjo 'overa distance of onehundredmilestheshaft is pressed inward until its inner end engages thescreW'S,and theindex-handis then turned to a 'point onthe'dial-indicating one .hundred miles, and the carbon in "the cup willbe 75 compressed by this action, soas to decrease ythe resistance bymaking it more solid, and. consequently-increasing tbeproportionofvariation in the primary and in the secondary cirl cuits. The shaft ehas a feather, e?, upon onefhSo' side/near its upper end, and theplateor guide1 1, tllrfongliwhich the shalt passes-has radial slotsmade-iiiit`""\ 'esponding in length withth width of tli feather, asshown inv detail in Fig. S, vv-hich is a plan of holes with slots. Theaction of the spring g holds the shaft in such a posit-ion ordinarilythat the feather will'4 1 stand in one hese slots.` \Vhen the pointer orindex is to= turned, the shaft e is pressed inward until the' feather'e2 is clear ofthe slot 0c in which itstood, and the shaitufill be l'reeto 'be turned.,v When released, `the spring forces the l'eatheitlupintothe slot, opposite which :it is stopped. '."Tliese slots may thusscrveto hold/ the shaft and index at eilher' ofthe points de-., 95 A sired. iThe current of electricity runs from thebati tery to the primary coils,and thence to the spring-arm J through eross-bar'of cup'lL,l screw S,plate T, multiple and unstable contacts to diaphragm, and thence backagain to t1 e battery, as indicated bythearljou's The-Q eavy spirallines indicate the primal nd the lighter ones the secondanygviresillustrate, it is assumed thatl'ihe primal cuit and contacts haveai,resiStaline,enti4 ohms, the battery a resistanceof making a totalresistance oflfonn vn y primary circuit. Let it beiassfnrned thatsound-Wave striking the diaphragnrreduces, its resista-nce in contactsone-hall" ohm, whichy would be in proportion of the total resistance' ,I.of one toy eight. 1f anotherba-ttery benone added,'which would reducethe batteryjresi ance to one ohm, and the screw Siactingnpon the plate,T of thecarboncup H,b e turned so as to reduce the resistance in themult,- le contact, say, one-half ohm, thiswouldjgilve a proportion ofone to ve, "which, is allarge an favorable increase. V The extra batteryis added to the, rimary circuit by means ofthe switch shown at 'i'. Thelarge screw-disk Disturned by means of ha.. Spanner or lever t-ting .llies `in its circumference, or by othersnitanle ymeans, and i .thetension haslbecnfpioperl y adjusts `telephone itself may beadjii'stedot-he position by loosening the .sereuiiiiilt vby which it isheld in position and againtng eningthem wheliit is in theproper posit-il IHaving thus'dcscribedrny inv I claim as ncrv, and desire lo securters Patent, is-

l. The, tempered steel or iron diaphragm having its periphery securedcontinuously in -a surrounding ring, in combination with a smaller disklaving its peri pheryscrew-th readed to fit the-corresponding threadsinside the `a,vdiaphragni-ring, and a supplemental ring'fit- Y tedbet/Ween AIhre disk and the diaphragm, whereby pressure upon the lattermay be in: creased or di/iinislied,'as described.

/2. The l/ardened or tempered steel or iron diaphragm havingits-periphery continuously secured in the -surrounding ring, said ringhaving screw-threads in itsinterior, a smaller disk 'havingscrew-threads uponits periphery lte fit those within the diaphragm-ring,whereby it may' be advanced to or retracted from thefdiaphragui, andparallel therewith, in com bination withine elastic ring, or disk ttedbetween the metalliqdisk and diaphragm, substantiallyias'andfor thepnrposeherein describedg V Y x 3. The'metallicdiaphragm having its Vpe-'ripher'y iixed in afsurronndi'ng ring having interior screw-threads,anda screwltlhreaded disk'fitted in-thisring, so as to-be advanced'to 5yor retracted from. the diaphragm, anelastic ring ordisk between itv andthe diaphragm, in

' combi-nation with the paper disk intermediate' J between th'metallicdisk and theelastic ring or disk, havingI a surface-over which themetal' disli'gr screw may' move without actual conscribed. v

diaphragm having itsl periphery continuously iixed ina surrounding ring,a'disk by whicn 5 a uniform' tenslonipof thevdiaphragm xmay beprodnced,-=and an'inter'posed elastic ring or disk,`in combination withthe metal pin having one' endcentrally secured in the diaphragm,-and'acarboncup seen red withrelation thereto, sothat the'vibration ofthe diaphragm produces an unstable Contact between. the'pin and thecarbon, substantially asherein-described. 5. The diaphragm havingrts,periphery iixedina surrounding Yring, @screw-threaded disk titted inthis ring n-p'onlonesige of the diaphragniywith an elastic ringorediskbe tween' itand the diaphragm ,:in-combation with aseconddiskfG,having a snrfacepver which the metal disk mayA move with a mini- `nnnrn'of friction, and-withontnctual contact with fthe' '.rnbher, substantiallyas herein described. p 1 6. The diaphragm having itsperiphery'sn pported and its tension adjusted:is-shown, and

a central pin fixed to the diaphragm and extending inwardly to one side,in combination with the cui) l'containing pulverized carbe",

whereby isf-multiple lfcontact' is provided, if,

6o screw ex'tendingfupward from .saidv cup and connectingwith a solidpieccof carbon at the oppositeend, which-forms an unstable con!sercwf'extending from the cup toward thediaf.

tact'iwith the rnbber, substantially as de l phragm, having a solidpiece of carbon held in contact with it by means of a rubber or elastictube or holder, in combination with a metallic pin, having one endsecured centrally Y to the diaphragm, and the other forming anunstable'` contact withthe carbon, ysubstantially as herein described.-l

8. A cup having its interior insulated and containing finely-dividedcarbon, 'from which an unstable contact is lnadewithl thel diaphragmupon one side, in combination with a magnetic compression-plate upon theopposite side of the'unmagnetic cnp, and a screw acting .uponsaidplatawhereby the car on may be compressed more or less, so as to reduce itsresistance in the circuit, substantially as herein described; f

9. The cup containing finely-divided carbon, forming a multiple contactin the circuit of a telephone, ascrew' acting upon a com'-Vpression-plate, whereby the resistance. of this carbon' may be increasedorlde'creased by'its greater or fless compression, in combination withav stem or shaft vhaving a1 socket' at oneend fitting the compressionscrew,s0 as to turnv anindex-hand. or pointer moving overa d ial,

l1. The cup containing thefinely-divided substantially as herei n dejrco crbom forming a multiple contact and "vary- .y

ing resistance, v and the unstable contacts whereby connection is madebetween it' and the diaphragm, the induction-coils withftheir cores,-extended pole-pieces, the adjustable tubes extending toward thediaphragm`,and the screws adjustable within these tubes, in com binationwith theplat'e or cap of the 'unitingv netic cup containinggranulatedcarbon andy extending outwardly' over tle 'ends of the:screwsgv'substantially as herein described'.

l2. The tubes extending toward,l pliragm from the pole-pieces of theinductioncoils, with their adjustin'gl'screws, asshown, in combinationwith the elastic pieces extending from the tubes and forming dampers tow prevent undue vibration or 1netalli-ctone-of thc diaphragm,substantially as .herein dethe cup, in combination with a screw fittingsaid socket, carrying upon its outer end a s'olid piece of carbon, a nutupon said screw, with a rubber or elastic connection between it xandV'the carbon, whereby the contact is varied, in

combination with the diaphragm, having apin passing through its centerand forming a contact with the carbon piece, substantially as hereindescribed.

14. The carb'oncontaining cup, in combina tion wit-h the elastic arm orspring, uponone end of which it is fixed, and an insulated clamp orholder between which thefopposite ends of the vspring held and adjusted,substantially as herein described.

15. The springarm supporting at one end the cup containing loose carbon,a clamp between which the opposite ends of the spring are held, saidclamp having a pin or journals upon which it turns, in combination with'a rubber or elastic cushion beneath the rear end of the clamp,`aud -ascrew pressing-upon its opposite side, whereby vthe clamp may be turnedabout its journal-pin, substantially as herein described.

16. The carboncontaining cup mounted upon one end of a spring or elasticarm, the opposite end of which is clamped between insulated plzites,made adjustable, as shown, in combination with standards, and a plateupon which the clamp is supported, said plate being slotted and 'heldto. the base by screws passing through said slots, whereby it may beadjusted to or from the' center, substantially as herein described.

17. A device for vang-fing the resistance in the primary circuit whenspeaking over long or short distances, consisting of `adiaphragm withthe stable and unstable points, as shown,

in combination with the switch 1' and insulated plate s, whereby two ormore ,batteries may be connected for quantity, and united with thedescribed mechanism, snbstanti'ally'as herein described. b

18. The mechanism, substantially 'as described, for increasing anddecreasing the resistance of the primary circuit in atelephone,consisting of `a cup containing granulated carbon, and devices,comprising the plates s and T, for varying the resistance therein, incombination with the switch, whereby one orv more additional batteriesmay be brought into the circuit, so as to increase the quantity andreduce the resistance, substantially as described.

19. In a telepl1one,'thc means for increasing the amplitude of Vibrationof lche diaphragm, consisting of a mechanism .comprising the tubes X andthe screws a in the pole-pieces N, whereby both positive and negativemagnetic currents are employed-to draw the diaphragm toward thecontact-cup, and at the same time draw the cup toward the diaphragm,substantially as described.

20. In a telephone, the mechanism for increasing the amplitude ofvibration ofthe diaphragm, consisting of the tubes vX and screws c inthe pole-pieces W, in 'combination with the diaphragm and contactcup,substantially as herein described.

21. In a telephone, a mechanism for increasing .the u ndulations in anundulatory current,

consisting of the multiple contacts iu the cup H, and the plate T,connected therewith, and the two unstable contacts, in combination withthe tubes X and'screws in lthe 4pole-pieces, substantially as hereindescribed.

2 2. The diaphragm having its periphery secured and adjusted by' meansof a screw-disk and ring, as shown, in combination with the exteriorcaseor frame formcd'of two sections, clamping-screws by which thesesections are pressed together so as to hold the telephone, and by whichthe position of the telephone within the frame may be changed or adjusted, substantially as described.

23,'The n iultiplefcontact` mechanism consisting of thecompression-plate and screw, by which the compression, and consequentresistance, is varied,-iu,ombination .with the index-hand connected withsaid screw, and the Ydial upon which figures are imprinted, indi---JGliN CHRISTIAN HESRY S'lUT.

TWitnesses:

S. H. NoURsE, H. GLEE.

